26 research outputs found
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Toward an experimental and computational approach to causal analysis in behaving zebrafish larvae
Understanding brain-wide dynamics and their relation to behaviour relies on knowledge
of the interactions of the underlying functional regions in the brain. In this work, we aim
to demonstrate the applicability and limitations of Granger Causality (GC) as a measure
of directed functional connectivity in live zebrafish larvae, offering an alternative to commonly
used undirected functional connectivity measures such as correlation. In order to
acquire whole-brain datasets, we develop ÎŒSPIM: a hardware-agnostic light-sheet microscope
control and acquisition toolset which provides functionality focused on functional
imaging, providing an open-source alternative to existing light-sheet solutions limited to
developmental imaging. Further, we present an independent closed-loop virtual reality
solution which provides a exible extension to existing light-sheet or two photon microscope
setups.
In order to demonstrate the applicability of GC to calcium imaging data, we first
apply the causal analysis to simulated spiking data generated by an integrate-and-fire
model convolved with a calcium filter. We show that the directed functional connectivity
reconstructed by GC follows the structural connectivity used to simulate the underlying
network both in bi-variate and multi-variate settings. We identify a number of constraints
on the performance of the measure in form of sampling rate, recording duration and the
number of cells in the network and show that trends in the calcium data result in poor
inference which can be mitigated by filtering prior to the application of GC. Next, we
show that conditional GC on subsets of neurons can be used to infer directed connectivity
between functionally similar neuronal circuits when analysis based on all sources is not
viable due to combinatorial and computational constraints. Finally, we show that directed
connectivity inferred using GC from calcium data collected in vivo from unstimulated
zebrafish larvae displays functional characteristics described in prior research
Communications-Aware Robotics: Challenges and Opportunities
The use of Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
(UAVs) has seen significant growth in the research community, industry, and
society. Many of these agents are equipped with communication systems that are
essential for completing certain tasks successfully. This has led to the
emergence of a new interdisciplinary field at the intersection of robotics and
communications, which has been further driven by the integration of UAVs into
5G and 6G communication networks. However, one of the main challenges in this
research area is how many researchers tend to oversimplify either the robotics
or the communications aspects, hindering the full potential of this new
interdisciplinary field. In this paper, we present some of the necessary
modeling tools for addressing these problems from both a robotics and
communications perspective, using the UAV communications relay as an example.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted for presentation to the 2023
International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS) at Lazarski
University, Warsaw, Polan
Founder reconstruction enables scalable and seamless pangenomic analysis
Motivation: Variant calling workflows that utilize a single reference sequence are the de facto standard elementary genomic analysis routine for resequencing projects. Various ways to enhance the reference with pangenomic information have been proposed, but scalability combined with seamless integration to existing workflows remains a challenge. Results: We present PanVC with founder sequences, a scalable and accurate variant calling workflow based on a multiple alignment of reference sequences. Scalability is achieved by removing duplicate parts up to a limit into a founder multiple alignment, that is then indexed using a hybrid scheme that exploits general purpose read aligners. Our implemented workflow uses GATK or BCFtools for variant calling, but the various steps of our workflow (e.g. vcf2multialign tool, founder reconstruction) can be of independent interest as a basis for creating novel pangenome analysis workflows beyond variant calling.Peer reviewe
The MRS UAV System: Pushing the Frontiers of Reproducible Research, Real-world Deployment, and Education with Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
We present a multirotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle control (UAV) and estimation
system for supporting replicable research through realistic simulations and
real-world experiments. We propose a unique multi-frame localization paradigm
for estimating the states of a UAV in various frames of reference using
multiple sensors simultaneously. The system enables complex missions in GNSS
and GNSS-denied environments, including outdoor-indoor transitions and the
execution of redundant estimators for backing up unreliable localization
sources. Two feedback control designs are presented: one for precise and
aggressive maneuvers, and the other for stable and smooth flight with a noisy
state estimate. The proposed control and estimation pipeline are constructed
without using the Euler/Tait-Bryan angle representation of orientation in 3D.
Instead, we rely on rotation matrices and a novel heading-based convention to
represent the one free rotational degree-of-freedom in 3D of a standard
multirotor helicopter. We provide an actively maintained and well-documented
open-source implementation, including realistic simulation of UAV, sensors, and
localization systems. The proposed system is the product of years of applied
research on multi-robot systems, aerial swarms, aerial manipulation, motion
planning, and remote sensing. All our results have been supported by real-world
system deployment that shaped the system into the form presented here. In
addition, the system was utilized during the participation of our team from the
CTU in Prague in the prestigious MBZIRC 2017 and 2020 robotics competitions,
and also in the DARPA SubT challenge. Each time, our team was able to secure
top places among the best competitors from all over the world. On each
occasion, the challenges has motivated the team to improve the system and to
gain a great amount of high-quality experience within tight deadlines.Comment: 28 pages, 20 figures, submitted to Journal of Intelligent & Robotic
Systems (JINT), for the provided open-source software see
http://github.com/ctu-mr
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ÎŒSPIM toolset: a software platform for selective plane illumination microscopy
Background: Selective Plane Illumination Microscopy (SPIM) is a fluorescence imaging technique that allows volumetric imaging at high spatio-temporal resolution to monitor neural activity in live organisms such as larval zebrafish. A major challenge in the construction of a custom SPIM microscope using a scanned laser beam is the control and synchronization of the various hardware components.
New Method: We present an open-source software, ÎŒSPIM Toolset, built around the widely adopted MicroManager platform, that provides control and acquisition functionality for a SPIM. A key advantage of ÎŒSPIM Toolset is a series of calibration procedures that optimize acquisition for a given set-up, making it relatively independent of the optical design of the microscope or the hardware used to build it.
Results: ÎŒSPIM Toolset allows imaging of calcium activity throughout the brain of larval zebrafish at rates of 100 planes per second with single cell resolution.
Comparison with Existing Methods: Several designs of SPIM have been published but are focused on imaging of developmental processes using a slower setup with a moving stage and therefore have limited use for functional imaging. In comparison, ÎŒSPIM Toolset uses a scanned beam to allow imaging at higher acquisition frequencies while minimizing disturbance of the sample.
Conclusions: The ÎŒSPIM Toolset provides a flexible solution for the control of SPIM microscopes and demonstrated its utility for brain-wide imaging of neural activity in larval zebrafish
MRS Drone: A Modular Platform for Real-World Deployment of Aerial Multi-Robot Systems
This paper presents a modular autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)
platform called the Multi-robot Systems (MRS) Drone that can be used in a large
range of indoor and outdoor applications. The MRS Drone features unique
modularity with respect to changes in actuators, frames, and sensory
configuration. As the name suggests, the platform is specially tailored for
deployment within a MRS group. The MRS Drone contributes to the
state-of-the-art of UAV platforms by allowing smooth real-world deployment of
multiple aerial robots, as well as by outperforming other platforms with its
modularity. For real-world multi-robot deployment in various applications, the
platform is easy to both assemble and modify. Moreover, it is accompanied by a
realistic simulator to enable safe pre-flight testing and a smooth transition
to complex real-world experiments. In this manuscript, we present mechanical
and electrical designs, software architecture, and technical specifications to
build a fully autonomous multi UAV system. Finally, we demonstrate the full
capabilities and the unique modularity of the MRS Drone in various real-world
applications that required a diverse range of platform configurations.Comment: 49 pages, 39 figures, accepted for publication to the Journal of
Intelligent & Robotic System
25th annual computational neuroscience meeting: CNS-2016
The same neuron may play different functional roles in the neural circuits to which it belongs. For example, neurons in the Tritonia pedal ganglia may participate in variable phases of the swim motor rhythms [1]. While such neuronal functional variability is likely to play a major role the delivery of the functionality of neural systems, it is difficult to study it in most nervous systems. We work on the pyloric rhythm network of the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion (STG) [2]. Typically network models of the STG treat neurons of the same functional type as a single model neuron (e.g. PD neurons), assuming the same conductance parameters for these neurons and implying their synchronous firing [3, 4]. However, simultaneous recording of PD neurons shows differences between the timings of spikes of these neurons. This may indicate functional variability of these neurons. Here we modelled separately the two PD neurons of the STG in a multi-neuron model of the pyloric network. Our neuron models comply with known correlations between conductance parameters of ionic currents. Our results reproduce the experimental finding of increasing spike time distance between spikes originating from the two model PD neurons during their synchronised burst phase. The PD neuron with the larger calcium conductance generates its spikes before the other PD neuron. Larger potassium conductance values in the follower neuron imply longer delays between spikes, see Fig. 17.Neuromodulators change the conductance parameters of neurons and maintain the ratios of these parameters [5]. Our results show that such changes may shift the individual contribution of two PD neurons to the PD-phase of the pyloric rhythm altering their functionality within this rhythm. Our work paves the way towards an accessible experimental and computational framework for the analysis of the mechanisms and impact of functional variability of neurons within the neural circuits to which they belong